Stress, fatigue & pain can result in shallow breathing patterns due to muscle spasm/muscle memory (our muscles get stubborn & set in their unhealthy ways), along with a weakening of the diaphragm (the large dome-shaped muscle at the base of our lungs which is the most important muscle for breathing). Shallow breathing causes us to use the intercostal muscles, which attach to the ribs, rather than the diaphragm for breathing.
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